Ubuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa obuthuthukiswe eYurophu, e-United States nakwamanye amazwe asentshonalanga ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.Yasungulwa okokuqala ngu-American Morse ngo-1837, waseMelika u-Alexander Bell ngo-1875 kanye nesazi sefiziksi saseBrithani uFleming ngo-1902. Imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi yathuthukiswa ngokushesha nangokubanzi ekhulwini lama-20, futhi yaba uphawu olubalulekile lokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe besimanje.Isizukulwane sokuqala semikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi sathatha amashubhu kagesi njengomongo.Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1940, i-semiconductor triode yokuqala yazalwa emhlabeni.Yasetshenziswa ngokushesha emazweni ahlukahlukene futhi yashintsha ishubhu le-electron ebangeni elikhulu ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane, isisindo esilula, ukonga amandla kanye nempilo ende yesevisi.Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950, kwavela isifunda sokuqala esihlanganisiwe emhlabeni.Ihlanganisa izinto eziningi zikagesi njengama-transistors ku-silicon chip, okwenza imikhiqizo kagesi ibe mincane.Ama-circuits ahlanganisiwe athuthuke ngokushesha kusukela kumasekhethi amancane ahlanganisiwe kuya kumasekhethi amakhulu ahlanganisiwe kanye nama-super-scale ahlanganisiwe ama-circuits, okwenza imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ithuthuke ngendlela esebenza kahle kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa okuphansi, ukunemba okuphezulu, ukuzinza okuphezulu nokuhlakanipha.
Enqubweni yocwaningo nentuthuko yemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, amatafula okusebenza ahlukene kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuhlola izici ezihlukene zemikhiqizo, okudinga ukuthi abasebenzi be-R & D bahlole amapulatifomu ahlukene okusebenza, okungagcini nje ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlolwa, kodwa futhi kuhlanganisa indawo enkulu. kwemishini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-08-2022